A comprehensive review on coupling vibrations of train–bridge systems under external excitations

Abstract In recent years, high-speed railways in China have developed very rapidly, and the number span of railway bridges are keeping increasing. Meanwhile, frequent extreme disasters, such as strong winds, earthquakes floods, pose a significant threat to safety train–bridge systems. Therefore, it is paramount importance evaluate comfort trains when crossing bridge under external excitations. these aspects, there abundant research but lacks literature review. this paper provides comprehensive state-of-the-art review works on systems excitations, which includes crosswinds, waves, collision loads seismic loads. The characteristics models representative results summarized analyzed. Finally, some suggestions for further coupling vibration system excitations presented.